Constitutional law--an involuntarily detained mental patient's informed consent is invalid for experimental psychosurgery.

Substituted judgement and the right to refuse shock treatment in Washington: In re Schuoler.

One of the most significant developments in modern constitutional thought revolves around judicial protection of fundamental privacy and liberty interests.' These interests are derived from the first, eighth, and fourteenth amendments, the "penumbra" of privacy rights found generally in the Bill of Rights,2 and the common law doctrine of informed consent.' Courts have held these interests to be...

Informed consent and the mental patient: California recognizes a mental patient's right to refuse psychosurgery and shock treatment.

The processes of life, the make-up of the human organism, who can fully understand these miracles? ... What is happening to you now is what should happen to any normal healthy human organism contemplating the actions of the forces of evil, the working of the principle of destruction. You are being made sane, you are being made healthy.'

The involuntarily confined mental patient and informed consent to psychiatric treatment.

Constitutional law--mental health--a patient involuntarily civilly committed to a state mental hospital has a constitutional right to treatment.

I-27: Determining the Status of Non-TransferredEmbryos in Ireland: A Conspectus of

The development of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) as a treatment for human infertilty was among the most controversial medical achievements of the modern era. In Ireland, the fate and status of supranumary (non-transferred) embryos derived from IVF brings challenges both for clinical practice and public health policy because there is no judicial or legislative framework in place to address the me...